Offgrid Photovoltaic Energy Systems are preferred in places without grid facilities or where grid electricity quality is not adequate.Photovoltaic panels produce electricity for the needed energy.
Contrary to the widespread view, it is possible to supply electricity for 220 or 380 Volt electrical devices after a detailed examination of energy consumption habits and system specific characteristics. Surplus of the
daytime produced electricity is storaged at the battery bank for nighttime consumption.Offgrid systems are also preferred in places with grid facilities to reduce electricity bill or self consumption as Grid Backup.
How does Photovoltaic System Work?
Photovoltaic (Solar) Energy system is compose of 3 main components :Photovoltaic Panel,Inverter and Battery.Auxiliary equipments are solar charge controller, PV Fuse
and Switch Disconnector , Mounting System , Lighting Protection System , PV Cabling and Connectors.
Photovoltaic Panel: It enables electricity production from sunlight.It is composed of semiconductor crystalline solar cell,solar glass,aluminium frame , eva film and junction box.
Inverter: It converts the electricity generated by the Photovoltaic panel into alternative current electricity for (Turkish) grid electricity voltages: 220 or 380 Volt.Main Offgrid
Photovoltaic inverter types are modified sine wave and pure sine wave.It is advised to use pure sine wave inverters for motor included electrical home equipments such as refrigerator or air conditioner.
Solar Battery: Surplus of electricity generated from the Sun can be storaged at the battery bank to use nighttime or in case of inadquate sunlight.Gel or AGM VRLA are preferred in Photovoltaic Systems They do not require
maintenance and have long cycles periods and deep cycle characteristics. Solar Charge Controller: It regulates the voltage and current of the Photovoltaic panel to the battery bank.Overcapacity or fast current will shorten lifetime of the batteries and rarely result in gas leakage.The device's main mission is to track regularly
battery voltage and cut the current from the Photovoltaic panel when it reached the limit.Therefore it is very important to chose the correct type and size of solar charge controller . There are two main different algorithms: PWM and MPPT
The advantage of PWM algorithm is gradual and relative slow charging which extend lifetime of the batteries .PWM Solar Charge Controllers are preferred in 12 or 24 Volt systems.MPPT algorithm regulates voltage difference between the battery bank and photovoltaic panels
resulting in %10-20 better electricity generation performance.It is also very effective against reverse current.The ability to operate in higher voltages decreases energy losses of cabling and connection equipment .
PV Fuse and Disconnector Switch : Photovoltaic fuses are specially designed for DC PV systems : faster response and compatible with high currents. Disconnector Switch enables to control the system in case of maintenance or emergency.
Mounting System:Land or rooftop mounting system should be designed after an inspection with regard to the snow and wind loads and optimization of electricity generation performance.Since corosion severely affects the electricity generation performance of the Photovoltaic panels , aluminium or galvanised
steel mounting and connection equipments are strongly advised.
Lighting Protection and Earthing System : It is necessary to protect against physical and electrical effects of the lighting with passive lighting attractor and suitable earthing system.
Solar Cable and Connector: Photovoltaic systems requires frequently cabling and connection outdoors.It is important to use sunlight , humidity and temperature alike external factor resistant
special PV cables and connectors from the Photovoltaic panels to the cerveau of the PV system : solar charge controller.
Advantages
-Produce Your Electricity from Sun instead of Grid Extension.
-Photovoltaic Energy does not require fuel and substantial maintenance .
Reduce Your expenses by using PV system instead of costly diesel generators.
-Solar Energy is clean and environmental Renewable energy source.1 kWp PV System prevents yearly average 2400 tonnes of CO2 emission in Turkey.
